Perunggu sering digunakan untuk membuat medali, selain itu perunggu juga bisa digunakan untuk membuat alat musik seperti gamelan dan gong. Komponen utama dalam logam perunggu adalah&hellip;

Formalin umumnya digunakan untuk bahan pengawet mayat dan sebagai desinfektan. Senyawa formalin tersusun dari unsur&hellip;

<img align="middle" alt="begin mathsize 14px style Sr presubscript 38 end style" class="Wirisformula" data-custom-editor="chemistry" data-mathml="«math xmlns=¨http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML¨ class=¨wrs_chemistry¨»«mstyle mathsize=¨14px¨»«mmultiscripts»«mi»Sr«/mi»«mprescripts/»«mn»38«/mn»«none/»«/mmultiscripts»«/mstyle»«/math»" height="15" role="math" src="data:image/png;base64,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" style="max-width: none; vertical-align: -5px;" width="26" />&nbsp;

<img align="middle" alt="undefined" class="Wirisformula" data-custom-editor="chemistry" data-mathml="«math xmlns=¨http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML¨ class=¨wrs_chemistry¨»«mstyle mathsize=¨14px¨»«mmultiscripts»«mi»Cl«/mi»«mprescripts/»«mn»17«/mn»«none/»«/mmultiscripts»«/mstyle»«/math»" height="15" role="math" src="data:image/png;base64,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" style="max-width: none; vertical-align: -5px;" width="26" />&nbsp;

<img align="middle" alt="undefined" class="Wirisformula" data-custom-editor="chemistry" data-mathml="«math xmlns=¨http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML¨ class=¨wrs_chemistry¨»«mstyle mathsize=¨14px¨»«mmultiscripts»«mi»Br«/mi»«mprescripts/»«mn»35«/mn»«none/»«/mmultiscripts»«/mstyle»«/math»" height="15" role="math" src="data:image/png;base64,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" style="max-width: none; vertical-align: -5px;" width="26" />&nbsp;

<img align="middle" alt="undefined" class="Wirisformula" data-custom-editor="chemistry" data-mathml="«math xmlns=¨http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML¨ class=¨wrs_chemistry¨»«mstyle mathsize=¨14px¨»«mmultiscripts»«mi»Kr«/mi»«mprescripts/»«mn»36«/mn»«none/»«/mmultiscripts»«/mstyle»«/math»" height="15" role="math" src="data:image/png;base64,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" style="max-width: none; vertical-align: -5px;" width="27" />&nbsp;

<img align="middle" alt="undefined" class="Wirisformula" data-custom-editor="chemistry" data-mathml="«math xmlns=¨http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML¨ class=¨wrs_chemistry¨»«mstyle mathsize=¨14px¨»«mmultiscripts»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»P«/mi»«mprescripts/»«mn»15«/mn»«none/»«/mmultiscripts»«/mstyle»«/math»" height="15" role="math" src="data:image/png;base64,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" style="max-width: none; vertical-align: -5px;" width="20" />&nbsp;

Manakah di antara atom-atom berikut yang membentuk ion positif untuk mencapai kestabilan?

menangkap 2 elektron membentuk ion&nbsp;<img align="middle" alt="begin mathsize 14px style X to the power of 2 plus sign end style" class="Wirisformula" data-custom-editor="chemistry" data-mathml="«math xmlns=¨http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML¨ class=¨wrs_chemistry¨»«mstyle mathsize=¨14px¨»«msup»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»X«/mi»«mrow»«mn»2«/mn»«mo»+«/mo»«/mrow»«/msup»«/mstyle»«/math»" height="15" role="math" src="data:image/png;base64,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" style="max-width: none; vertical-align: -1px;" width="25" />&nbsp;

menangkap 2 elektron membentuk ion <img align="middle" alt="begin mathsize 14px style X to the power of 2 minus sign end style" class="Wirisformula" data-custom-editor="chemistry" data-mathml="«math xmlns=¨http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML¨ class=¨wrs_chemistry¨»«mstyle mathsize=¨14px¨»«msup»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»X«/mi»«mrow»«mn»2«/mn»«mo»-«/mo»«/mrow»«/msup»«/mstyle»«/math»" height="15" role="math" src="data:image/png;base64,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" style="max-width: none; vertical-align: -1px;" width="24" />&nbsp;&nbsp;

melepaskan 2 elektron membentuk ion&nbsp;<img align="middle" alt="begin mathsize 14px style X to the power of 2 minus sign end style" class="Wirisformula" data-custom-editor="chemistry" data-mathml="«math xmlns=¨http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML¨ class=¨wrs_chemistry¨»«mstyle mathsize=¨14px¨»«msup»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»X«/mi»«mrow»«mn»2«/mn»«mo»-«/mo»«/mrow»«/msup»«/mstyle»«/math»" height="15" role="math" src="data:image/png;base64,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" style="max-width: none; vertical-align: -1px;" width="24" />&nbsp;

melepaskan 2 elektron membentuk ion&nbsp;<img align="middle" alt="begin mathsize 14px style X to the power of 2 plus sign end style" class="Wirisformula" data-custom-editor="chemistry" data-mathml="«math xmlns=¨http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML¨ class=¨wrs_chemistry¨»«mstyle mathsize=¨14px¨»«msup»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»X«/mi»«mrow»«mn»2«/mn»«mo»+«/mo»«/mrow»«/msup»«/mstyle»«/math»" height="15" role="math" src="data:image/png;base64,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" style="max-width: none; vertical-align: -1px;" width="25" />&nbsp;

menangkap 6 elektron membentuk ion&nbsp;<img align="middle" alt="begin mathsize 14px style X to the power of 6 minus sign end style" class="Wirisformula" data-custom-editor="chemistry" data-mathml="«math xmlns=¨http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML¨ class=¨wrs_chemistry¨»«mstyle mathsize=¨14px¨»«msup»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»X«/mi»«mrow»«mn»6«/mn»«mo»-«/mo»«/mrow»«/msup»«/mstyle»«/math»" height="15" role="math" src="data:image/png;base64,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" style="max-width: none; vertical-align: -1px;" width="24" />&nbsp;

Atom X dengan nomor atom 20 akan mencapai kestabilan dengan cara&hellip;

<img align="middle" alt="Na presubscript 11" class="Wirisformula" data-custom-editor="chemistry" data-latex="{}_{11}\mathrm{Na}" data-mathml="«math class=¨wrs_chemistry¨ xmlns=¨http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML¨»«mmultiscripts»«mi»Na«/mi»«mprescripts/»«mn»11«/mn»«none/»«/mmultiscripts»«/math»" role="math" src="data:image/png;base64,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" style="max-width: none;" />&nbsp;

<img align="middle" alt="Br presubscript 35" class="Wirisformula" data-custom-editor="chemistry" data-latex="{}_{35}\mathrm{Br}" data-mathml="«math class=¨wrs_chemistry¨ xmlns=¨http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML¨»«mmultiscripts»«mi»Br«/mi»«mprescripts/»«mn»35«/mn»«none/»«/mmultiscripts»«/math»" role="math" src="data:image/png;base64,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" style="max-width: none;" />&nbsp;

<img align="middle" alt="Mg presubscript 12" class="Wirisformula" data-custom-editor="chemistry" data-latex="{}_{12}\mathrm{Mg}" data-mathml="«math class=¨wrs_chemistry¨ xmlns=¨http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML¨»«mmultiscripts»«mi»Mg«/mi»«mprescripts/»«mn»12«/mn»«none/»«/mmultiscripts»«/math»" role="math" src="data:image/png;base64,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" style="max-width: none;" />&nbsp;

<img align="middle" alt="Ca presubscript 20" class="Wirisformula" data-custom-editor="chemistry" data-latex="{}_{20}\mathrm{Ca}" data-mathml="«math class=¨wrs_chemistry¨ xmlns=¨http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML¨»«mmultiscripts»«mi»Ca«/mi»«mprescripts/»«mn»20«/mn»«none/»«/mmultiscripts»«/math»" role="math" src="data:image/png;base64,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" style="max-width: none;" />&nbsp;

<img align="middle" alt="Al presubscript 13" class="Wirisformula" data-custom-editor="chemistry" data-latex="{}_{13}\mathrm{Al}" data-mathml="«math class=¨wrs_chemistry¨ xmlns=¨http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML¨»«mmultiscripts»«mi»Al«/mi»«mprescripts/»«mn»13«/mn»«none/»«/mmultiscripts»«/math»" role="math" src="data:image/png;base64,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" style="max-width: none;" />&nbsp;

Di antara atom-atom berikut yang membentuk ion negatif untuk mencapai kestabilan adalah ....<img align="middle" alt="space" class="Wirisformula" data-custom-editor="chemistry" data-latex="\;" data-mathml="«math xmlns=¨http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML¨ class=¨wrs_chemistry¨»«mo»§#160;«/mo»«/math»" role="math" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAQAAAAGCAYAAADkOT91AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAABGJhU0UAAAAEx0lWhwAAAAxJREFUeNpjYKAHAAAAZgABtw7B6wAAAGR0RVh0TWF0aE1MADxtYXRoIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8xOTk4L01hdGgvTWF0aE1MIiBjbGFzcz0id3JzX2NoZW1pc3RyeSI+PG1vPiYjeEEwOzwvbW8+PC9tYXRoPjXNO/4AAAAASUVORK5CYII=" style="max-width: none;" />&nbsp;

Natrium<img align="middle" alt="space" class="Wirisformula" data-custom-editor="chemistry" data-latex="\;" data-mathml="«math xmlns=¨http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML¨ class=¨wrs_chemistry¨»«mo»§#160;«/mo»«/math»" role="math" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAQAAAAGCAYAAADkOT91AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAABGJhU0UAAAAEx0lWhwAAAAxJREFUeNpjYKAHAAAAZgABtw7B6wAAAGR0RVh0TWF0aE1MADxtYXRoIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8xOTk4L01hdGgvTWF0aE1MIiBjbGFzcz0id3JzX2NoZW1pc3RyeSI+PG1vPiYjeEEwOzwvbW8+PC9tYXRoPjXNO/4AAAAASUVORK5CYII=" style="max-width: none;" />

Klor<img align="middle" alt="space" class="Wirisformula" data-custom-editor="chemistry" data-latex="\;" data-mathml="«math xmlns=¨http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML¨ class=¨wrs_chemistry¨»«mo»§#160;«/mo»«/math»" role="math" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAQAAAAGCAYAAADkOT91AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAABGJhU0UAAAAEx0lWhwAAAAxJREFUeNpjYKAHAAAAZgABtw7B6wAAAGR0RVh0TWF0aE1MADxtYXRoIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8xOTk4L01hdGgvTWF0aE1MIiBjbGFzcz0id3JzX2NoZW1pc3RyeSI+PG1vPiYjeEEwOzwvbW8+PC9tYXRoPjXNO/4AAAAASUVORK5CYII=" style="max-width: none;" />

Argon<img align="middle" alt="space" class="Wirisformula" data-custom-editor="chemistry" data-latex="\;" data-mathml="«math xmlns=¨http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML¨ class=¨wrs_chemistry¨»«mo»§#160;«/mo»«/math»" role="math" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAQAAAAGCAYAAADkOT91AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAABGJhU0UAAAAEx0lWhwAAAAxJREFUeNpjYKAHAAAAZgABtw7B6wAAAGR0RVh0TWF0aE1MADxtYXRoIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8xOTk4L01hdGgvTWF0aE1MIiBjbGFzcz0id3JzX2NoZW1pc3RyeSI+PG1vPiYjeEEwOzwvbW8+PC9tYXRoPjXNO/4AAAAASUVORK5CYII=" style="max-width: none;" />

Brom<img align="middle" alt="space" class="Wirisformula" data-custom-editor="chemistry" data-latex="\;" data-mathml="«math xmlns=¨http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML¨ class=¨wrs_chemistry¨»«mo»§#160;«/mo»«/math»" role="math" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAQAAAAGCAYAAADkOT91AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAABGJhU0UAAAAEx0lWhwAAAAxJREFUeNpjYKAHAAAAZgABtw7B6wAAAGR0RVh0TWF0aE1MADxtYXRoIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8xOTk4L01hdGgvTWF0aE1MIiBjbGFzcz0id3JzX2NoZW1pc3RyeSI+PG1vPiYjeEEwOzwvbW8+PC9tYXRoPjXNO/4AAAAASUVORK5CYII=" style="max-width: none;" />

Magnesium<img align="middle" alt="space" class="Wirisformula" data-custom-editor="chemistry" data-latex="\;" data-mathml="«math xmlns=¨http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML¨ class=¨wrs_chemistry¨»«mo»§#160;«/mo»«/math»" role="math" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAQAAAAGCAYAAADkOT91AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAABGJhU0UAAAAEx0lWhwAAAAxJREFUeNpjYKAHAAAAZgABtw7B6wAAAGR0RVh0TWF0aE1MADxtYXRoIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8xOTk4L01hdGgvTWF0aE1MIiBjbGFzcz0id3JzX2NoZW1pc3RyeSI+PG1vPiYjeEEwOzwvbW8+PC9tYXRoPjXNO/4AAAAASUVORK5CYII=" style="max-width: none;" />

Setiap atom atau unsur di alam cenderung saling berikatan antar sesama atom sejenis atau dengan atom lain yang berbeda untuk mencapai kestabilan. Unsur yang ditemukan dalam keadaan bebas tanpa berikatan dengan unsur sejenis atau unsur lain adalah ....<img align="middle" alt="space" class="Wirisformula" data-custom-editor="chemistry" data-latex="\;" data-mathml="«math xmlns=¨http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML¨ class=¨wrs_chemistry¨»«mo»§#160;«/mo»«/math»" role="math" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAQAAAAGCAYAAADkOT91AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAABGJhU0UAAAAEx0lWhwAAAAxJREFUeNpjYKAHAAAAZgABtw7B6wAAAGR0RVh0TWF0aE1MADxtYXRoIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8xOTk4L01hdGgvTWF0aE1MIiBjbGFzcz0id3JzX2NoZW1pc3RyeSI+PG1vPiYjeEEwOzwvbW8+PC9tYXRoPjXNO/4AAAAASUVORK5CYII=" style="max-width: none;" />&nbsp;

Unsur yang untuk mencapai kestabilan harus memenuhi kaidah duplet adalah &hellip;.

golongan alkali lebih mudah membentuk anion

golongan alkali tanah lebih mudah melepas proton

golongan alkali memiliki energi ionisasi lebih rendah

golongan alkali memiliki nilai afinitas elektron lebih besar

golongan alkali lebih mudah menangkap proton

Unsur yang berada dalam golongan alkali lebih mudah melepas elektron dibandingkan unsur yang berada dalam golongan alkali tanah, hal ini disebabkan oleh &hellip;.

Unsur berikut yang paling mudah menangkap elektron untuk mencapai kestabilan adalah ....<img align="middle" alt="space" class="Wirisformula" data-custom-editor="chemistry" data-latex="\;" data-mathml="«math xmlns=¨http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML¨ class=¨wrs_chemistry¨»«mo»§#160;«/mo»«/math»" role="math" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAQAAAAGCAYAAADkOT91AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAABGJhU0UAAAAEx0lWhwAAAAxJREFUeNpjYKAHAAAAZgABtw7B6wAAAGR0RVh0TWF0aE1MADxtYXRoIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8xOTk4L01hdGgvTWF0aE1MIiBjbGFzcz0id3JzX2NoZW1pc3RyeSI+PG1vPiYjeEEwOzwvbW8+PC9tYXRoPjXNO/4AAAAASUVORK5CYII=" style="max-width: none;" />&nbsp;

3Li

4Be

5B

6C

7N

Unsur yang mudah membentuk kation adalah &hellip;.